Shutter control and indicating means



Jan. 5, 1943.

Original Filed Nov. 25, 1938 M. ANNICK SHUTTER CONTROL AND INDICATING MEANS 5 Sheets-Sheet l ,1" artrl llllillflry ,4

INVENTOR. MICHAEL ANNICK Jan. 5, 1943. M. ANNICK SHUTTER CONTROL AND INDICATING MEANS Original Filed Nov. 25, 1938 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Jvml m2 12 :2 13;; E 1112113 1E 12 :12::

INVENTOR MICHAEL ANNICK BY MS a n M W Jan. 5, 1943.

'M. ANNIC K SHUTTER CONTROL AND'INDICATING MEANS Original Filed Nov. 25, 1958 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR. MICHAEL ANNICK AT ORNEYS.

Jan. 5, 1943.

M. ANNICK 2,307,479

SHUTTER CONTROL ANDINDICATING MEANS Original Filed Nov. 25, 1938 5 Sheets-$heet 4 INVENTOR. MICHAEL A'NNICK T ORNEYS.

5, 1943. M. ANNICK I ,3

SHUTTER CONTROL AND' INDICA'IING MEANS Original Filed Nov. 25, 1938 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 w j r F Q INVENTOR MICHAEL ANNICK BY 7 M M TTOR EYS Patented Jan. 5, 1943 I UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,307,479 SHUTTER CONTROL AND INDICATING MEANS Michael Annick, Rutherford, N. J., assignor to General Printing Ink Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Original application November 25, 1938, Serial No. 242,135, now Patent No. 2,261,205, dated November 4, 1941. Divided and this application March 27, 1941, Serial N 385,422

4 Claims. (Cl. 88-24) My invention relates to cameras adapted para rigid frame. Preferably, the top surfaces of ticularly. for high speed, precision operation. the channel members 8, 8a are machined so as My invention has further reference to novel to form suitable track surfaces. Movable upon camera control systems and to automatic areach of said track surfaces is a truck structure rangements for varying the camera diaphragm comprisingapair of wheels i0, each pair of which opening in an advantageous manner. is secured to a plate II, the plates i| being se- Various other objects, advantages and features cured to opposite sides of and forming a support of my invention will become apparent from the for a vertical, rectangular frame I 2 having its following detailed description. lower surface suitably secured to a transverse This application is a division of application strut |3 which, intermediate its ends, comprises Serial No. 242,135, filed November 25, 1938, this a depending section !3a having an internally application having issued as Letters Patent No. threaded passage extending horizontally there- 2,261, 205, on November 4, 1941. through.

For an understanding of my invention and for One end of a bellows structure I4 is secured in an illustration of one of the forms thereof, refersuitable manner to the aforesaid movable frame ence is to be had to the accompanying drawings, l2, the other end of said bellows structure l4 in which: being suitably secured to an open rectangular Figure 1 is a perspective view showing the camframe i5 secured, in turn, to the front wall of era of my invention; the camera box IE which may be welded or other- Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view, partly in wise suitably attached to adjacent surfaces of elevation, of the camera shown in Fig. 1; the aforesaid channel members 4,40, 8 or 80.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged elevational view showing In accordance with usual practice, the.camera my novel speed-changing mechanism; box l8 should be disposed in a dark room 's'uch,

Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view, partly in for example, as may be formed in part by fixed, elevation, taken on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3 looking opaque walls H, 8 and I9, the wall I9 being disin the direction of the arrows; posed closely adjacent and substantially parallel Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view illustrating a with respect to the front wall of the camera box diaphragm control arrangement; It, said wall I9 being provided with an aperture Fig. 6 is an elevational view of a chart; corresponding in configuration substantially with Fig. 7 is a plan view, artly diagrammatic, the border of the camera box I6 and suitable showing features of my novel camera; and light-trapping members 20 being used to prevent Fig. 8 is an enlarged plan view, partly in secthe passage of light through the relatively nartion, showing features of the invention. row space existing between the wall l9 and the In Figs. 1 and 2, I have illustrated a suitable camera box 16. supporting structure adapted to rest upon or to As hereinafter more fully described, the aforebe secured to the floor or other horizontal sursaid frame l2 serves indirectly as a support for face. In the example shown; this supporting the objective lens L| of the camera. Therefore, structure comprises a plurality of spaced standin order to move this objective lens to various ards the top surface of each having suitably focusing positions as desired, it is necessary to secured thereto, as by the bolts 2, a cushion impart movement to said frame l2. This, in acmounting 3. At one sideof the camera, a pair cordance with the invention, is accomplished in of these standards I and associated cushion a novel manner.

mountings 3 support a channel member 4 and, Ashereinbefore stated, the strut i3, with which at the other side of the camera, the other pair of the frame H is movable, comprises a depending standards I and associated cushion mountings section We having an internally threaded pas- 3 support a similar channel member 4a, the sage, this passage, as shown in Fig. 2, receiving channel members 4' and 4a; being disposed and an externally threaded shaft 2| having one end maintained in parallel relation by end members rotatably supported in a suitable bearing formed 5 which are-welded or otherwise suitably secured in the adjacent cross member 9, the end of the to the respective channel members 4, 4a. As inshaft 2| which is thus supported comprising a dicated in Fig. 2, each of' the aforesaid channel flanged section 2| a which coacts with adjacent members 4, 4a carries a horizontal track memsurfaces of the bearing to prevent endwise movebar 6, the track members 6 being disposed in ment of the shaft. The other end of the shaft parallel relation and suitably secured to the re- 2| is suitably connected, as by a key-and-slot spective channel members 4, 4a by bolts 1, or 5a connection 22, Fig. 4, to a shaft 23 which is roequivalent.

Bolted or otherwise suitably secured to the tegrally with the front wall 25a of a housing 25 upper surfaces of the channel members 4 and 4a suitably secured, as by bolts 26, to the rear wall are the respective channel members 8 and 8a to lid of the camera box if. which cross members 9 are welded so as to form Referring to Fig. 4, the above noted. shaft 23 ve ment there th a gear wheel 21 which meshes with a gear wheel 28, Fig. 3, rotatable on an axle 29 which is supported by a boss, not shown, projecting laterally from the wall 25a of the aforesaid housing 25. The gear wheel 28 meshes with a gear wheel 30 supported on an axle 3| carried by a boss 32 which projects laterally from said housing wall 25a. The gear wheel 30 meshes with a gear wheel 33 secured to and rotatable with a shaft 34 journalled at one end in a boss 35 projecting laterally from said wall 250. The shaft 34, adjacent its other end, is disposed within the hub 36a of a wheel L having an actuating crank handle 31, the center of said wheel L coinciding with the center of the shaft 34 and the wheel hub 36a being slidable axially with respect to the shaft 34. The wheel hub 36a is journalled in a bearing 25b of the housing 25, said wheel hub 36a being slidable in this hearing in a direction axially of the shaft 34. The shaft 34, at its extreme end adjacent the wheel L has pinned or otherwise suitably secured thereto a collar 38 which comprises a tongue 33a extending parallel with the shaft 34 and adapted to engage, in clutching relation, within a groove 36b formed in the adjacent hub section of said wheel L.

The hereinbefore wheel L comprises a groove 36c within which is adapted to engage a tongue 39a of a sleeve 33 loosely mounted on the shaft 34 and restrained from movement toward the left, Fig. 4, by a collar 36 pinned to said shaft 34. The sleeve 33 has secured thereto for rotatable movement therewith a gear wheel 43 which meshes with a gear wheel 4| freely rotatable on an axle 42 supported Accordingly. when the operator rotates the wheel L in a selected direction, the shaft 34 is rotated to thereby rotate the gear wheel 33 from which power is delivered to the gear wheels 30, 28, 21in succession. As a result, rotative movement is imparted to the shaft 2| and the latter, by reason of the threaded connection to the strut l3, effects movement in the desired direction of the frame l2. The latter serves as the support for the described hub 38a of the by a boss 43 projecting laterally from the housmg well 2511. The gear wheel 4| is secured, for rotatable movement therewith as a unit, to a gear wheel 44 loosely mounted on said axle said gear wheel 44 meshing with a gear wheel 45 loosely mounted on the aforesaid shaft 34. The gear wheel 45 is secured, for rotatable movement therewith as a unit, to a gear wheel which,

likewise, is loosely mounted on said shaft 34,

said gear wheel 46 meshing with a gear wheel 41 loosely mounted onthe aforesaid axle 42. The gear wheel 41 is secured, therewith as a unit, to a likewise, is loosely mounted on the axle 42, the gear wheel 48 meshing with the hereinbefore described gear wheel 33.

for rotatable movement gear wheel 48 which,

For convenience of assembly, the casing 25 may be formed from a plurality of casing sections which, as shown in Fig. 4, are bolted or otherwise suitably secured together. The vertical wall of the rear casing section may have a pointer or indicating member 50 suitably secured thereto. as by the screws 5|, the operative section of this indicating member 50 coacting with a scale formed on the peripheral surface of a circular band 52 which, by screws 53, or equivalent, is secured to the aforesaid wheel L.

As herein shown, the upper surface of the outer casing section has secured thereto, as by the screws 54, a counter mechanism 55, the operating shaft 56 which is connected by a keyand-slot connection 51 with the adjacent end of the aforesaid shaft 2| which, if desired and as shown in Fig. 4, may have a bearing surface in the adjacent housing surface.

With the wheel L positioned as shown in Fig. 4, the tongue 38a of the collar 33 is in engagement with the wheel groove 36b and the sleeve tongue 39a is disengaged from the wheel groove 35c.

unit, the gear wheels .45 and hereinafter described objective lens and, accordingly, the latter is thus moved at least approximately into proper focusing position. In connection with the operation described immediately above, it will be understood that the described rotation of the gear wheel 33 effects rotation of the sleeve 39 through the train of gear' units shown in Fig. 4. At this time, however, the sleeve 39 merely idles on the shaft 34.

The ratios of the gear wheels described immediately above are such that the described rotation of the wheel L effects rotation of the shaft 2| at relatively high speed. When it is desired to rotate the shaft 2| at relatively low speed in order to precisely position the objective lens in its desired focusing position, the operator moves the wheel L axially of the shaft 34 to thereby disengage the tongue 38a from the wheel groove 36!) and to effect engagement of the tongue 3 90, with the wheel groove 36c. Thereafter, when the operator rotates the wheel L in a selected direction, the sleeve 39 is rotatedto thereby rotate the gear wheel 43, the gear wheels 4| and 44 as a 46 as a unit, the gear wheels it? and 48 as a unit, and then the hereinbefore described gear wheel 33 fi 'om which power is delivered to the shaft 2| by way of the mechanical connection previously described. The ratio of the gear wheels included in the last described train of gears is such that the described rotation of the wheel L effects rotation of the shaft 2| at relatively low speed and, accordingly, it becomes practical to precisely position the objective lens in its desired focusing position.

When the objective lens has thus been properly positioned, the operator may move the wheel L toian intermediate position wherein both of the tongues 38a and 39 are distngaged from their respective grooves. When this has been-done, the objective lens is m tended position and may not be'moved therefrom even though the wheel L should be rotated.

Preferably, the top surfaces of the hereinbefore described track members 6 are machined for the reception of the respective truck structures shown in Figs. 1 and 'I, each of these truck structures comprising a pair of wheels 58, each pair of said wheels 58 being secured to a plate 59 and the plates 59 being suitably secured to a cross member 50 which serves as a support for a copy board Cl disposed in a vertical plane. The cross bar 60, intermediate its ends, comprises 2. depending section 60a having an internally threaded passage extending horizontally therethrough. Extending horizontally and longitudinally throughout the length of the machine is an externally threaded shaft 6| which is in threaded engagement with the threads of said passage in the section 60a.

Except in length, the shaft 6| is a duplicate of the hereinbefore described shaft 2| and this shaft may be mounted in the same manner as previously described with respect to said shaft 2|. The shaft 6|, when rotated, serves to adjust the position of the copy board CI in the same sense and in the same manner as rotation of locked inf its inthe shaft 2| serves to adjust the position of the objective lens LI. In accordance with the invention, the shaft GI is rotated by a wheel C, Fig. 1, which is a duplicate, both structurally and functionally, of the aforesaid wheel L. Moreover, there intervenes between the wheel C and the shaft 6| a speed-changing mechanism which is a duplicate of the speed-changing mechanism intervening between the wheel L and the shaft 2| as hereinbefore described in detail and as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. Inasmuch as these speed-changing mechanisms are of duplicate character, the description of one hereinbefore stated will suffice for the other.

As well understood in the art, the copy board CI is adapted to have suitably attached thereto a member, not shown, carrying a representation of which an image is to be formed on the sensitized surface of the camera.

As shown in Fig. 7, a plurality of suitably supported electric lamps 62, 82 are indicated as operatively positioned to cast light upon the aforesaid representation-carrying member. One 'set of corresponding terminals of the lamps 82 are connectedby a conductor 68 while the other set of corresponding terminals of said lamps 82 are connected by a. conductor 84, the conductor 83 including the spaced switch contacts 63a, 88b and then extending to one terminal of a suitable source of current, and the conductor 84 extending to the other terminal of said source of current.

The switch contacts 83a, 63b are adapted to be closed by a suitable switch member 65 having an actuating button 88, this switch member being biased in suitable manner, as by spring-acrion. toward circuit-opening position.

Connected to the conductor 64 is a conductor 61 which leads to one terminal of an eiectroe magnetic winding 88, Figs. 7 and 8, the other terminal of which is connected by a conductor 69 to the aforesaid conductor 83. As shown. the winding 68 is suitably secured to a lenscarrying member I which, by welded joints or otherwise, may be secured to the aforesaid frame I2, Fig. 7. The member is provided with a central aperture in which is received the barrel II of the camera objective lens LI, being suitably secured in fixed the plates 12, Fig. 8, which may be riveted to. said member 10. Projecting from the lens barrel 'II is a lug I3, Fig. 5, which carries a pin I4 on which is pivoted an arm havirm secured thereto a lens shutter 18. The end of the arm I5 opposite the lens shutter 18 has secured thereto a link 11 which is connected to the electro-magnet armature".

Referring to Fig. 5, I have shown conventional members I9 which form the shutter mechanism for defining the diaphragm opening of the ob-. jective lens LI. The shutter members I9 may be position, as by 90 said limit switch this barrel 'II' opened or closed to a desired extent by a segmental rack member 8| secured by screws or otherwise to an oscillatory ring 82 rotatable on the lens barrel II and adapted .toactuate said shutter members IS in a conventional manner.

Coactable with the rack member 8I is a worm gear 83 carried by a shaft 84 having bearings in a bearing bracket 85 suitably secured to the aforesaid member I0. Connected to one end of the shaft 84 is a flexible shaft 86 which is connected to one end of ashaft 81 supported in bearings formed by a bearing bracket 88 suitably secured to a structure 89 which, if desired, may be carried by the aforesaid fixed wall I8 of the b each time that the unit" who dark room. The shaft 81 carries a worm gear which coacts with a segmental rack member 9| suitably secured to a ring 92 oscillatory on a bearing member 83 projecting laterally from the aforesaid member 88.

In any suitable in 81 is geared to the trio motor 94 ductors 85, 08 cuits for said anner, the aforesaid shaft armature of a reversible elechaving extending therefrom conand 81 forming the energizing cirmotor 34. As indicated, the con ductor includes the contacts of a limit switch 08 comprising a movable switch member 99 adapted to be actuated by a pivoted member I00, the conductor 88 extending from said limit switch 88 and terminating in a fixed contact member 88a. The conductor 81 includes the contacts of a limit switch IOI comprising a movable switch member I02 adapted to be actuated by a pivoted member I08, the conductor 91 extending from I M and terminating in a fixed contact member 01a.

The hereinbefore described conductor 98 leads to one terminal of a suitable source of current, the other terminal of which has connected thereto a conductor I04 leading to the respective fixed contacts IBM and i042). Coactable with the contacts 01a, I 04a is a switch member I05 carrying an actuating button I06, the switch member I05 being biased toward circuit-opening position, as by a spring, or equivalent. Coactable with the fixed contacts 950, I04b is a carrying an actuating button I08, the switch member I01, the same as the switch member I08, being suitably biased toward circuit-opening position.

Suitably secured to the above described ring 82 is a pointer IIO coactable with scales s, sl 81 formed on a member III suitably secured in fixed position, for example, to the aforesaid member 89. As hereinafter described, the scales s, :I, etc. are utilized by the operator for automatically selecting proper diaphragm openings as defined by the shutter members 19.

Referring to Fig. 1, access to the hereinbefore described camera box I8 may be had by a door II! which, in a conventional manner, carries the usual suction head is withdrawn by way of the conduit II8 under the control of a motor disposed in a housing 1. After the door II! has been opened and with the suction motor operating, a sensitized member 8 may be placed against the suction openings on the interior door surface whereupon, by action of suction, said sensitized member S is thereafter held in its intended position on said interior door surface. Thereupon, the door H5 may be closed and, as a result, the sensitized member S takes its normal operating position as indicated in Fig. 7

The hereinbefore described counter mechanisms 85 are of a type well known to the art. Each of them comprises a window with respect to which three or more wheels bearing indicia 1, 2 9, 0 are movable, these wheels, in the form invention herein shown, being designated "as a 0.1 wheel, a unit wheel, a ten wheel, etc. Each time that the 0.1 wheel rotates through an angle of 360 degrees, the unit" wheel isautomatically stepped 36 degrees. Similarly, el rotates through ten wheel is step- The arrangement is such that an angle of 360 degrees. the ped 36 degrees.

each circular band 52 rotates through an angle e that the associated wheel moves through an angle of 36 doof 360 degrees each tim 441-01" switch member I01 not shown, from which air I grees; 'Each band 52, therefore, is calibrated sults his table and then-sets the two counter In accordance with the invention, the arrange- I ment is such that thestrut i3 and the cross bar anism's." Therefore, with each counter mechanism iiand its associated circular band 52, there may be obtained, a reading on the ten scale,

the unit scale, tenths" of the funit" scale, fh'undredths? of the unit scale, and "thousandths of the funitfscale.

For each counter mechanism and associated and associatedband 52 controlled by the wheel L gives a reading of 82.261, the operator is advised that the center of the objective lens Ll.

is positioned a distance of 82.261 inches from the sensitized member S. Similarly, if the counter mechanism and associated band controlled by the wheel C gives a reading of 70.310, the operator is advised that the center of the objective lens Ll is positioned a distanceof 70.31 inches from the copy board Cl Further in accordance with the invention, a solution is obtained of the formula wherein the unknown d is the distance from the center of the objective lens Ll to the image plane, i. e., the surface of the sensitized member S; wherein F is the focal length of said objective lens LI; and wherein r is the ratio of enlargement or reduction between the representationcarrying member on the copy board Cl and the latent image thereof to be produced on the sensitized member S.

For the time value oi the quantity 1', a solution is obtained of the formula r v wherein the unknown d is the distance from the center of the objective lens Li to the copy plane, i. e., the surface of the copy board Ci; wherein F is said focal length of said objective lens Ll;

' -60 move0,.1 inch for each single-revolution'of the respective 0.1" wheels of the counter mech-.

- ,circ ular band 52,it is assumed'that the center I of the objective lens LI is the zero point of 7 reference. Therefore, ifthe counter mechanism jective lens Ll.

operator,with knowledge of the quantity 1', conmember M will have exactly the desired dimensions. Therefore, in accordance with my invention, it is unnecessary to use a ground glass for focusing purposes and, likewise, it is unnecessary to measure the image on such ground glass in order to obtain a desired degree of reduction or enlargement.

Accordingly, in view of the foregoing, it follows that the camera of my invention is susceptible of accurate operation and this arises particularly by reason of the fact that it is necessary only to consult a previously prepared table when fixing the position of the objective lens and the copy board. It will be understood that the table noted above may be constructed otherwise than as herein stated. Thus, a constant may be added to each value oi the distance d and the counter mechanisms set accordingly. Or, for example, the distances d may be set forth in each instance as the distion as described above, the operator presses the button 86 to thereby move the switch member 65 into engagement with the adjacent contact members 63a, 64a and close the circuit through the winding 68 and the lamps 62.

While the winding 68 remains deenergized, the shutter 15 is in its lowermost position wherein it entirely closes the light path through the ob- When said winding 6| is energized, the armature 18 thereof is attracted to thereby move the shutter 16 in a counter-clockand wherein r is said ratio of enlargement or reduction between the representation-carrying member on the co y board Cl and the latent image thereof to be produced on the sensitized member S.

The solution of the two formulas noted above gives two values for the distance d, (1) the distance from the center of the objective lens Ll to the image plane, and (2) the distance from the center of the objective lens Ll to the copy board plane.

The values for the distances d obtained as noted above are tabulated opposite the quantity 1' and then this table is completed by obtaining other values of the distances d for a large number of assumed fractionally different values 01' the variable 1'.

With, a table of this character at hand, the

operator oi the cameraneed be advised only concerning the ratio of enlargement or reduction which is to be effected with respect to a representation-carrying member or object to be at tached to the copy board C. In other words, the

wise direction, Fig. 5, to and through the position thereof shown in said Fig. 5, the shutter position last noted being merely a transition posit-i611 and not a stationary shutter position.

Simultaneously as the shutter 16 is thus moved to position-opening the light path, the lamps 62 are energized to thereby illuminate the object on the copy board Cl from which a projecting light beam is passed through the objective lens LI to the sensitized member S. The operator holds the button 85 in its depressed position for as long a period as the exposure is to continue. As soon as the exposure period is completed,the button 65 is released whereupon the circuits of the winding 68 and the lamps 82 are opened. It will be understood that a suitable time switch may be utilized to hold the switch member 65 in closed circuit relation, such time switch being automatically operable after a predetermined period has elapsed to open the circuit through the lamps 62 and winding 68.

As will be understood, in view of the description hereinbefore stated, the rings 82 and 92 are moved simultaneously under the control of the motor 94 by power transmitted along. the described mechanical connection which is shown in Fig. 5. The ring 92 carries a pointer which coacts with a scale 51 o! the chart ill. The arrangement is such that, when the pointer I I0 is in indicating position with respect to Ill, the diaphragm opening defined by the shutters 19 has I is p value IIO: and so on.

When the operator desires to increase the diaphragm opening defined by the shutter members 1a, the switch member I01, Fig. Ii, is closed on the contacts 850, I041) to thereby close the circuit through one winding of the motor 04 and there- .by eii'ect movement in a counter-clockwise direction, Fig. 5, of the ring 02. Simultaneously, by power transmitted along the described mechanical connection, the ring 82 is moved in counter-clockwise direction, Fig. 5, and, by reason of the fact that the two sets of worm gears and rack segments are duplicates, it follows that the rings 82 and 82. partake of equal movements.

when the operator desires to. decrease the aforesaid diaphragm opening. theswitch member I01, Fig. 5, is closed on the contacts lla, Illa to thereby close the circuit through the other winding of the motor 04 and thereby eflect movement in a clockwise direction, Fig. 5, of the ring 02. Simultaneously, the ring 82 par-takes of equal clockwise movement, Fig. 5.

If the sensitized member 8 is to be a line out negative, the operator, by control of the motor 04, may cause the pointer III! to move into indicatingposition with respect to the desired I value of the scale s'l. As a result, the ring I! so moves the shutter members I9 that they define adiaphragm opening corresponding with said I value. v

A single exposure of proper time interval completes the operation and this exposure may be eil'ected by operation of the switch button 00 in the manner hereinbefore described.

If the sensitized memberis to be a half tone negative and if the exposure is to be 100%, I. e., if the image is to be dimensionally the same as the object on the copy board CI, the operator, by reference to his table, operates the wheels C and L to move the objective lens LI and copy board CI into proper focusing relation. Then, the operator, by proper control of the buttons I" or I08, may cause the pointer I III to move into indicating position with respect to the index I00 on the scale s] and, by operation of the button 86. effects the high light" exposure. Thereupon.

the pointer I I0 may be moved into indicating position with respect to the index III. on the scale s5, for example, whereupon the "detail" exposure is effected. Finally, the pointer IIII may be moved into indicating position with respect to the index I00 on the scale 83, for example, and thereafter the flash" exposure is eflected. I

If the sensitized member is to be a half tone negative and if the exposure, for example, is to be 80%, i. e., if the image is to have 80% of the area of the object. on the copy board CI, the operator, by reference to his table, operates the wheels C and L to move the objective lens LI and copy board CI in proper focusing relation. Then,

the operator may cause the pointer III] to move into indicating position with respect to the index 80 on the scale sI whereupon the "high light" exposure is effected. Thereupon, the pointer III may be moved into indicating'position with respect to the index 80 on the scale s0, for example, and then the detail exposure is effected. Finally, the pointer IIO may be moved into indicating position with respect to the index 00 on the scale s3, for example, whereupon the "flash" exposure is effected. j

As indicated, the scales 8, cl s8 comprise arious other index marks, such as index mark 75 the M8168 8 ll, index mark I", etc., and it will be understood that the operator sets the pointer H0 in succession at the proper index marks when electing the various exposures for either reductions or enlargements as the case may be. 7

Although not shown on the drawings, it will be understood that the herein described camera box I. comprises means for introducing into the path of the projecting light beam various screens which should be used as experience dictates when effecting the various exposures. be understood that, depending on experience and experiment, the operator uses the scales s. sI si in various ways and relations and times the various exposures as desired in order to obtain the desired result, namely, a negative of the desired character.

An important feature of the invention involves the relation which the operator mayconveniently establish between the diaphragm openings for a set of "high light," detail and flash" exposures and the percentage reduction or enlargement of the object on the copy board CI as the case may be. Thus, for example, if the negative is to be 80% as regards the size of said object, the various diaphragm openings should be and readily are 80% of the assumed 100% lens openings, respectively,

Referring to Fig. 6, the scale 81 is plotted, as well understood in the art, from data obtained by computing different values for I in the formula where F is a constant, i. e., the lens focal length and D is a variable, i. e., different diameters of the lens diaphragm opening.

The scale a may be formed in the following manner. An arcuate line I is formed having the same center as was used in forming the arcuate line of the scale s1. Some suitable I value such. for example, as II8 is connected by a straight line extending to the aforesaid center of the arcuate line I and the intersection of this straight line with said arcuate line I is denoted I00. This is assumed as a 100% lens opening at IIB.

The motor 94 may now be operated to move the rings 82, 82 in a clockwise direction, Fig. 5, and this movement is continued until. by measurement effected thereon, the area of the diaphragm opening deflned'by the shutter members I! is found to be 90% of said assumed 100% lens opening at II 8. At this time, with the motor non-operative, the

position of the indicating side of the pointer III is marked on the arcuate line I. This gives the desired index mark of the scale s. In a corresponding manner, the various other I00- minus index. marks may be plotted on said scale s.

The other scales s2, s3, s4, s5 and 80 may be formed in generally the same manner as described above with respect to the scale s. That is, a plurality of spaced arcuate lines I may be formed on the chart II, each of these lines having the same center as was used in forming the arcuate line of the scale s1. Thereupon, lens openings for the various scales are assumed as follows: For the scale sII22; for the scales s2 and sB-III; for the scale sl-I; for the scale slI2| approximately; and for the scale sl-I". Thereafter, the various 100- minus index marks for all of the scales last named may be established in the general manner described above with respect to the scale s.

As regards the 100- plus index marks on at, the same procedure may Further, it will However, xperience determined that the 100- be followed with respect thereto as was followed with respect. to the 100- minus index marks. has demonstrated that such positioning of the 100 plus index marks does not yield entirely satisfactory results. As a result of experimentation, assuming that the chart of Fig. 6 is drawn approximately to scale, I have plus index marks as shown on said Figs. and 6 are properly positioned so that satisfactory results are obtained when setting the pointer H0 by said 100- plus index marks 'in generally the same manner as previously described with respect to the 100- minus index marks.

In lieu of the mechanical method described above for plotting the 100- minus index marks for the scales s, sl s8, it shall be-understood that the positions of said index marks may be computed by graphical methods.

Although I have described the preferred manner of operating the camera of my invention, it shall be understood that my invention is not to be thus limited in all respects.

For example, if desired, the focusing operation may be effected by disposing a ground glass in the plane ofthe sensitized member S and thereafter proceeding in the known manner. Under such circumstances, the operator would dispense with the set of tables which accompanies the camera. g

Further, it will be understood that the described system of controlling the lamps 62 and shutter 16 is not to be limited to a camera otherwise of the character herein described.

A particularly important feature of my invention resides in the fact that the various control and indicating mechanisms are grouped in the dark room for convenient operation and observation by the operator. The focusing operation, change of diaphragm opening, control of the light path by the shutter 15 and illumination of the lamps 62 are all effected by the operator while he is in the dark room at the end of the camera containing the sensitized member S. Excursions from the dark room are not required for ordinary operation. This, in addition to the various automatic and semi-automatic features of the invention, are features new and oi distinct importance to the art.

While the invention has been described with respect to a certain particular preferred example which gives satisfactory results, it will be understood by thoseskllled in the art after understanding the invention, that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and it is intended therefore in the appended. claims to cover all such changes and modifl-.-.

cations.

- What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:

1. In a camera, a copy board, an objective lens, a source of light for passing a projecting light beam from said copy board, through said objective lens and thence to a sensitized member, said sensitized member being disposed within a dark room and said copy board, said objective lens and said source of light being disposed without said dark room, shutters for controlling the diaphragm opening of said objective lens, means for moving said shutters to vary the diaphragm opening, a pointer and a cooperative chart, means for moving said pointer with respect to said chart, means comprising a reversible electric motor for operating said first named means and said second named means in unison, and manually operable switch means for individually energizing the operating circuits of said motor.

2. In a camera, a copy board, an objective lens, a source of lightfor passing a projecting light beam from said copy board, through said objective lens and thence to a sensitized member, said sensitized member being disposed within a dark room andsaid copy board, said objective lens and said source of light being disposed without said dark room, shutters for controlling the diaphragm opening of said objective lens, means for moving said shutters to vary the diaphragm opening, a pointer and .a cooperative chart positioned within said dark room, means for moving said pointer with respect to said chart, means comprising a reversibleelectric motor for operating said first named means and said second named means in unison, and manually operable switch means positioned within said dark room for individually energizing the operating circuits of said motor.

3. In a camera, a copy board, an objective lens, a source of light for passing a projecting light beam from saidcopy board, through said objective lens and thence to a sensitized member, said sensitized member being disposed within a dark room and said copy board, said. objective lens and said source of light being disposed without said dark room,.shutters .for controlling the diaphragm opening .of said objective lens, means for moving said shutters to vary the diaphragm opening, a pointer and a cooperative chart, means for moving said pointer with respect to said chart, a shaft cooperative with said. first named means outside said dark room and with said second named means inside. said dark room, a reversible electric motor for rotating said shaft,

and manually operable switch means positioned.

within said dark room for individually energizing the operating circuits of said motor.

4. In a camera, a copy board, an objective lens, a source of light for passing a projecting light beam from said copy board, through said objective lens and thence to a sensitized member, said sensitized member being disposed within ,a dark room and said copy board, said objective lens and said source of light being disposed without said dark room, shutters for controlling the diaphragm opening of said objective lens, means comprising a segmentalrack member for moving said shutters to varylihe diaphragm opening, a pointer and a cooperative chart, means comprising a segmentalrackmember for mov.

ing said pointer withrespect to said chart, a

flexible shaft cooperativ with said first named segmental rack member outside said dark room and with said second named segmental rack member inside said dark room, a reversible electric motor for rotating said shaft, and manually operable switch means positioned within said dark room for individually energizing the operatingcircuitsof said motor.

.. mcnaan ANNrcrr. 

